Effects of occupational lead exposure on spermatogenesis.

In summary, there were significant differences in blood and semen lead levels, LH levels and prolactin levels in workmen who were exposed to lead. However, all hormonal profiles still remained within the normal adult range for Thai men. Higher levels of blood lead were found to have no significant effect on the sperm variables and hormonal profiles except testosterone levels at second follow-up and prolactin levels at sixth follow-up. However, these differences were not consistent during the study period. It should be noted that the present data are preliminary, pertain only to short-term exposure and require confirmation. The actual prospective long-term risk of lead exposure, remains to be determined. However, our study highlights the feasibility and importance of a prospective cohort study in assessment of the risk of lead exposure on male reproductive system. Long-term longitudinal controlled studies of semen quality and hormonal profiles in workmen examined before and during lead exposure and prospective studies of time to pregnancy in couples attempting to achieve pregnancy are probably necessary in order to obtain further knowledge. This study also indicates that the reproductive function surveillance of these workmen must be investigated as well as other physical health. In conclusion, an increase of blood lead levels due to occupational exposure cause no immediate and significant changes in spermatogenesis and hormonal profiles.