Human papilloma virus vaccination: should it be mandatory?

ABSTRACT

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy and a leading killer among women worldwide. Seventy percent of these cervical cancers are known to be caused by Human Papilloma Virus, which is transmitted primarily by sexual contact. The use of Human Papilloma Virus prophylactic vaccine among young adolescents, who have not been previously exposed to the infection, as primary prevention holds most promise for the prevention of this cervical cancer. Each year 80% of the 274,000 deaths caused by cervical cancer occur in developing nations like Nepal. Largest promise of this vaccine is in such countries where screening program is difficult to implement and maintain. However this also raises concerns and debates about the enduring effectiveness and the long term side effects of the vaccine, which are yet unknown. Garnering public trust and public acceptance is key to the success of any public health intervention. More research on the long term safety and efficacy on Human Papilloma Virus vaccine and dissemination of these findings is recommended to increase the acceptance of the program before making it a state mandate.