The efficacy of granisetron for cancer patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy: comparison of 1 miligram versus 3 miligram doses in preventing nausea and vomiting.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare the efficacy of anti-emetic and prophylactic effects of 1 milligram (mg) versus 3 mg granisetron in cancer patients. METHODS: In this double blind, randomized, parallel study, 2-dose regimens of intra venous (IV) granisetron were evaluated in 39 cancer patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to receive granisetron 1 mg IV plus dexamethasone 20 mg (group A) or granisetron 3 mg iv plus dexamethasone 20 mg (group B). A questionnaire was used to evaluate the anti-emetic effects of granisetron. RESULTS: Subjects consisted of 31 men and 8 women. In group A (19 patients) 57.9% showed complete response from vomiting, 10.5% of major response, and 31.6% of failure to anti-emetic therapy. There were 47.4% of patients free from nausea and 52.6% complained of nausea (mild, moderate, and severe nausea). Among group B (20 patients), 90% showed complete response from vomiting, 5% of major response, and 5% of failure to anti-emetic therapy. Eighty percent of patients were free from nausea, while 15% complained of mild nausea and 5% of moderate nausea. The differences were statistically significant for vomiting (p = 0.02) as well as for nausea (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Intravenous granisetron 3 mg has better efficacy than granisetron 1 mg in preventing cisplatin- induced acute emesis.