Dexmedetomidine in neurosurgical anesthesia

ABSTRACT

Dexmedetomidine is a new selective alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist that can be described as a useful, safe adjunct in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care practice. This alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist offers a unique "cooperative sedation" +/- anxiolysis and analgesia without respiratory depression. Cerebral effects are generally consistent with a desirable neurophysiological profile, including neuroprotective characteristics. In addition, sympatholytic and antinociceptive properties allow for hemodynamic stability at critical moments of neurosurgical stimulation. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetic profiles and current clinical uses of dexmedetomidine in the area of neurosurgery patient care.