The Effect of the Periosteum for the New Bone Formation into Bone Substitutes

ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of the periosteum for the new bone formation into bone substitutes, artificial full thickness calvarial bone defects were made in diameter of 6mm in 45 New Zieland white rabbits and the defects were filled with Medpor(R) and Biocoral(R) as bone substitutes and with Surgicel(R) as control material. Each group was then divided into three sub-groups non-periosteal group, periosteal flap group and periosteal graft group. Bone formation was investigated morphologically, radiologically and histologically and the degree of bone formation was calculated with scanner(Scanmaker III, Microtek Co.)and image processing program. In the non-periosteal group, there was no bone formation in all artificial bone substitutes 10 days after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 3.58 +/- 1.70%, 0.00%, 2.11 +/- 1.73% respectively 6 weeks after experiment, and 27.43 +/- 11.92%, 15.72 +/- 5.47% and 3.59 +/- 2.18% respectively 3 months after experiment. In the periosteal flap group, there was no bone formation in Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) but 6.84 +/- 3.21% of the bone formation in Biocoral(R) 6 weeks after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 41.83 +/- 11.32%, 20.72 +/- 6.53% and 22.32 +/- 5.85% respectively 3 months after experiment. In the periosteal graft group, there was cartilage formation in Biocoral(R) and Medpor(R) 10 days after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 25.38 +/- 6.49%, 17.16 +/- 4.03%, 7.95 +/- 3.17% respectively 6 weeks after experiment and 80.87 +/- 11.24%, 41.20 +/- 8.87%, 44.93 +/- 16.48% respectively 3 months after experiment. In conclusion, the periosteum played an important role for the bone formation into bone substitutes of Biocoral(R) and Medpor(R). The amount of bone formation was the greatest in the periosteal graft group among three groups and greater in Biocoral(R) than in Medpor(R).