Experimental Study on the Appropriate Embolic Site During Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolization: Using Coiland Gelfoam

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the effective embolic material and appropriate embolic site by comparing bowel changesafter arterial embolization in dogs in which the proximal or distal level of the superior mesenteric artery hadbeen occluded with gelfoam particles or a coil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the coaxial catheter system,superselective arterial embolization was performed at sixteen sites in four dogs. In groups A and B, each site wasoccluded at the proximal or distal marginal artery, respectively, with gelfoam particles and in groups C and D, atthe proximal or distal artery, respectively, with a coi. All dogs were sacrifed one day after the procedure, andgross and microscopic histologic findings were evaluated. RESULT: In all dogs, the procedure was successful. Ingroup B, significant mucosal destruction, lymphocyte proliferation in submucosa and mucosa, and diffuse swellingin all layers of the intestine were found at all sites. The vessel in the submucosal layer was completelyobstructed by red blood cells and gelfoam.At three sites, the intestine showed diffuse ischemic change, and at oneother site, focal ischemic change was observed. In group D, exudation with destruction of mucosa and submucosalhemorrhage occurred at one site, but in groups A and C, intestinal layers were found to be normal. CONCLUSION: Using a coil, superselective arterial embolization was successful, even up to the distal level of the intestinalartery, and the intestine showed no ischemic change. Embolization with gelfoam must be performed carefully at theproximal level, and since it can cause severe intestinal necrosis, must be avoided at the distal level.