Clinical Review of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor and Analysis of the Factors Predicting Metastasis / 대한소화기학회지

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinoid tumors are submucosal tumors with metastatic potential. We tried to determine the clinical course of gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoid tumors and find the factors predicting metastasis. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 81 cases with GI carcinoid tumors. Involved organ, age, sex, symptoms, treatments, and metastatic patterns were reviewed. We evaluated the macroscopic and microscopic parameters to predict the metastatic potential of GI carcinoid tumors. RESULTS: The common sites of GI carcinoids were rectum (71.7%), stomach (13.6%), and duodenum (8.6%). Mean age of the patients was 49 years old with a peak incidence of sixth decade. Male to female ratio was 1.381. Most symptoms were usually nonspecific. Fifty five patients (67.9%) received endoscopic treatments while 23 patients (28.4%) received surgical treatment. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 15.6 months. There were 10 cases (12.3%) of metastasis. There were significantly more metastasis in patients with tumor size >10 mm (p2, or Ki-67 labeling index >2 in microscopic parameter (p10 mm, central depression or ulcer, invasion below submucosa, lymphatic or venous invasion, mitosis >2, and Ki-67 labeling index >2 have higher metastatic potential. Those with risk factors predicting metastasis should be treated and followed carefully.