Concentrations of Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Human Aqueous Humor after Topical Administration

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the concentrations of commercially available ofloxacin 0.3%, levofloxacin 0.5%, and ciprofloxacin 0.3% topical ophthalmic solutions in human aqueous humor. METHODS: Patients scheduled to undergo phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens insertion for treatment of cataract were enrolled in this prospective study. After informed consent was obtained, patients were randomized to receive 1 drop of ofloxacin 0.3%, levofloxacin 0.5%, or ciprofloxacin 0.3% topical ophthalmic solution 5 times at 1-hour intervals from 6pm one day before surgery and 3 further times at 5-min intervals immediately before surgery. After aspirating approximately 0.1 mL of aqueous fluid by paracentesis, surgery was commenced. We recorded the interval between the last drop and paracentesis. Specimens were stored at -70 degrees C until assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were enrolled. 14 male and 19 patients female. The mean age was 59.4 years. The mean concentrations of levofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in aqueous humor were 577.8 ng/ml, 279.6 ng/ml and 53.0 ng/ml, respectively. The differences of concentration among the three groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of levofloxacin 0.5% solution was highest, followed in order by ofloxacin 0.3% and ciprofloxacin 0.3%.