Clinical Features Associated with the Direction of Deviation in Sensory Strabismus

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical features associated with the direction of deviation in sensory strabismus and postoperative stability of strabismus angles. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 98 patients diagnosed with sensory strabismus who were treated surgically. Among the factors analyzed were sex, age, direction of strabismus, preoperative visual acuity, age at onset of visual loss, cause of primary sensory deficit, refractive error, age at operation, deviation angle at 1 and 6 months postoperatively and after at least 5 years. RESULTS: At baseline, 20 patients (20.4%) had esotropia and 78 (79.6%) had exotropia. Common causes of primary sensory deficit were corneal opacity (25.5%), vitreoretinal disorder (23.5%), and congenital cataracts (16.3%). The proportion of esotropia increased significantly as the refractive error of the sound eye became more hyperopic. The older the patients were when they lost their vision, the higher the proportion of exotropia. Patients with longer duration of vision loss were more likely to have a larger deviation angle with exotropia, but the association was not significant with esotropia. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with sensory strabismus tend to develop exotropia. Refractive error of the sound eye and age at onset of vision loss were associated with the direction of strabismus. Despite poor sensory fusion even after surgery, more than 50% of patients maintained a stable eye position.