Toll-like receptors and tumor microenvironment / 国际肿瘤学杂志

ABSTRACT

Toll-like receptor (TLR) plays a crucial role in innate immune response and the subsequent induction of adaptive immunity. TLR is expressed on immune cells as well as epithelial cells and tumor cells. When endogenous and exogenous ligands bind with TLR, TLR signaling pathways are activated and a large number of inflammatory cytokines are released, creating an inflammatory microenvironment and leading to tumor formation, invasion and metastasis.