Bio-scaffold materials and their functional evaluation in tissue-engineered urinary bladder construction / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is a gold standard to repair and construct bladder via intestinal tract. However, intestinal tract existing in urinary system may cause metabolic disorder, infection, lithogenesis, or even a series of severe complications.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the performance of tissue engineering during reconstruction of urinary bladder, and to search a reasonable replacement of urinary bladder.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted with the key words of "tissue engineering, bladder, mesenchymal stem cells" in both Chinese and English from January 1993 to October 2009. Inclusion criteria Articles about correlation among seed cells, tissue-engineered bladder, and bio-scaffold materials were included. Exclusion criteria Duplicated researches or Meta analysis was excluded. Among 29 articles, the following five points were mainly analyzed how to stably and rapidly obtain sufficient and viable cell source; how to choose bio-scaffold materials of bladder; how to repair and reconstruct bladder tissue; how to solve the ethics problem; how to accumulate vascularization of the in vitro constructed bladder tissue after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autoallergic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) which were chosen for bladder tissue engineering characterized by convenient collection and low immunogenicity; additionally, BMSCs could differentiate into transitional epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neurocytes so as to improve blood supply and neural function of regenerated tissue. Furthermore, BMSCs could help grafts avoid from fibration-contracture; therefore, BMSCs have a perspective application. However, the efficacy of tissue-engineered bladder needs to be further evaluated for clinical application. For example, the healing, structure, functional reconstruction, and vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder and autoallergic bladder tissue, innervated establishment, and ethical difficulty will be further studied in the future.