Risk Factors Associated with Amputation-Free Survival in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the 1-year survival rate, 1-year amputation-free survival rate and the risk factors of amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers were included in our study. Mean patient age was 67.5 (range, 29 to 87, SD +/-11.4) years. 74% of the patients were male. Time from study entry to amputation and time to death were evaluated separately as censored event times by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was carried out for determining the risk factors of amputation. RESULTS: The survival rate and amputation-free survival rate were 96.5% (n=167), 65.9% (n=114), respectively, over one year study period. Severity of ulcer was the strongest significant risk factor of amputation [hazard ratio (HR) 7.99; confidence interval (CI) 3.12 to 20.47]. Peripheral artery disease was also independent risk factor of amputation (HR 2.64; CI 1.52 to 4.59). CONCLUSION: In assessing the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers, clinicians should consider the severity of ulcer and presence of peripheral artery disease. Our study provides important insights into clinical practice and supplementary information for both physicians and patients.