Diagnostic Usefulness of MRI for Pulmonary Hamartoma: CT, MRI and Histopathologic Correlations

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic usefulness of MRI in pulmonary hamartoma, and the significant MRI features other than fat or characteristic calcification, both revealed by CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied chest MR images in five patients with pulmonary hamartoma. All underwent narrow-collimated CT scanning and conventional MRI, specimen MRI was available in three cases. Pulmonary nodular size, shape and margin and the presence of intratumoral fat density, calcification and a cleft-like structure were determined. At MRI, the presence and signal intensity (SI) of the cleft-like structure, including intratumoral cystic space and SI of the main portion of the tumor, were analyzed and compared with the findings of specimen MRI, and correlated with the histopathologic findings. In three cases, the typical enhancement pattern revealed by post-contrast MRI was also evaluated. RESULTS: Narrow-collimated CT scanning revealed fat density or popcorn-shape calcification in two cases and a cleft-like structure in one. The other two cases showed neither fat nor calcification. At MRI, however, all five cases showed a cleft-like structure, which was especially evident on T2WI. The detectability of this did not vary between conventional and specimen MRI. The cleft-like structure showed varying SI on T1, and T2WI correlated to variable mesenchymal component including with respiratory epithelial cells lining the cleft. Marginal rim enhancement was noted on all three post-contrast MR images, and correlated with the relatively rich vascularity of the tumor's marginal portion. An enhanced cleft-like structure was noted in two cases. CONCLUSION: The presence of a cleft-like structure, especially prominent on T2WI and with variable SI, is a useful MR finding for the diagnosis of pulmonary hamartoma, and marginal rim enhancement is an ancillary diagnostic MR finding. In particular, MRI is a useful diagnostic tool in cases where a simple pulmonary nodule demonstrates neither fat nor calcification.