Effect of Pilates Gymball Exercises on the Electroencephalogram and Cognitive Function in Mentally Disabled Persons

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if Pilates gymball exercise can change the electroencephalogram and cognitive function of mentally disabled people. METHODS: Twenty-one mentally disabled people were enrolled in this study. They were assigned randomly to one of two groups Pilates gymball exercise group (PGEG, n=11), and control group (CG, n=10). The subjects in the PGEG group performed the exercises for 50 minutes a day, three days per week for 6 weeks. The PGEG program consisted of warm up (10 minutes), main workout (30 minutes), and cool down (10 minutes). The main workout consisted of 10 exercise programs. The electroencephalogram (EEG) of Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, O1, and O2 were measured using an PolyG-I system. The cognitive function was evaluated using a mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The measurements were performed before exercise, and 6 weeks after exercise. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was performed to determine the difference between the two groups. RESULTS: A significant difference in Fp1, Fp2, and F3 on the relative alpha power was observed between the PGEG and CG groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference in Fp1 on the relative beta power was observed between the PGEG and CG groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the MMSE score was observed between the PGEG and CG groups. CONCLUSION: Pilates gymball exercise did positively change the EEG in the frontal lobe. On the other hand, the effect related to cognitive was limited. Pilates gymball exercise appears to be more effective in facilitating brain stimulation related to cognition.