Progress of cardiac pacing in children / 国际儿科学杂志

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of cardiac pacing therapy,the number of pacemakers used in children is growing.Children grow fast,with small size and thin wall heart wall.Underlying diseases in children are different from those in adults.As a result,it is quite important to choose proper electrode,pulse generator,pa-cing site and carry out regular follow-up.Epicardial electrodes are usually used in infants,while endocardial ones have been the leading choice due to long lifespan,minimal injury and stable threshold.Many studies indicate that right ventricular pacing can damage left ventricular function and left ventricular pacing is more physiological.It is essential to remove the entire pacemaker system once the diagnosis of pocket infection is made.Elevation of pacemaker threshold and electrode-related complications are more common in epicardial pacemakers while ve-nous occlusion and tricuspid regurgitation are more common in endocardial pacemakers.In recent years,there is progress in remote monitoring system,cardiac resynchronization therapy,magnetic resonance imaging pacemak-ers and leadless pacemakers,which might be promising therapies in the near future.