Dent disease in childhood and associated clinical problems / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Dent disease is a rare X-linked tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP),hypercalciuria,nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis,renal dysfunction and variable manifestations of other proximal tubule dysfunctions.The gene of Dent disease is now known that Dent disease Ⅰ is caused by mutations of the CLCN5 gene,coding for the ClC-5;and Dent disease Ⅱ by mutations of the OCRL gene,coding for the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1.The pathological manifestations of Dent's kidney are often focal segmental sclerosis(FSGS),mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) and minimal change(MCD).Dent disease could progresses to chronic renal failure over 3 to 4 decades.As key point,the LMWP of Dent disease in childhood often express as nephrotic-range proteinuria with normal serum albumin,the differentiation with nephrotic syndrome in clinic.When a boy accompany with LMWP and hypercalciuria or nephrocalcinosis,he should be examined for CLCN5 and OCRL1 gene tests to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of Dent disease.