Results of Treatments for Inverted Nipples and chronic Subarelar Abscesses

ABSTRACT

An inverted nipple is a congenital disease that results from immature, shortened ducts and surrounding connective tissues. A number of treatment methods have been described for more than 100 years. The author managed 111 patients with inverted nipples and operated on 42 patients using the modified Hartrampf's method. No recurrence and no permanent complications were found in the patients with non-complicated inverted nipples. Recurrence was experienced in one case involving a chronic subareolar abscess. This series suggests that the modified Hartrampf's method is a safe and effective operation technique for patients with inverted nipples.