Research progress on Bufonis Venenum / 中草药

ABSTRACT

Bufonis Venenum is made by toad skin gland secretion after drying. As a kind of Chinese materia medica (CMM), it contains complex chemical composition and has these pharmacological effects to remove toxic heat, wake up the brain orifices, eliminate the mass, step-down blood pressure, increase myocardial contraction force and coronary artery blood flow, and use for antitumor and anesthesia. It is widely used in diseases in clinic such as cardiovascular, respiratory, facial features, and surgical treatment. While, as toxic CMM, the concentration-response relationship, toxic ingredients, toxic dose, and poisoning mechanism should not be ignored also. The author preliminarily summaries its effects from composition, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, adverse reactions, processing technology, and pharmacokinetics, and provides the references for its further pharmacological study and compound preparation development.