The combination of thrombotic biomarkers and Caprini score to predict the risk of deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fractures / 中华检验医学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To seek indicators or models for predicting the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after traumatic lower extremity fractures.Methods:A nested case-control study was conducted on 424 patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from May 2019 to December 2019. Patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures of the hip, femoral shaft, distal femoral, patella, tibial plateau, tibiofibular shaft, ankle or foot were 18 or older. Trauma patients were examined by venogram before surgery. 56 of 424 patients with traumatic lower limb fractures were diagnosed with preoperative DVT. Then, those with no evidence of DVT were paired by age, gender and fracture sites to those with DVT. Laboratory parameters included conventional coagulation tests and thrombotic biomarkers, such as D-dimer, plasmin-ɑ2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (tPAIC), and Caprini score was calculated. Univariate analysis was used to distinguish statistically significant variables between trauma patients with and without DVT. Then logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors for post-traumatic DVT. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to assess the efficacy of indicators in predicting the risk of DVT after traumatic lower extremity fractures.Results:The levels of tPAIC and Caprini score in patients with DVT after traumatic lower limb fractures were significantly higher than those in non-DVT patients ( P values of 0.036 and 0.016, respectively). D-dimer, PIC, and Caprini score were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT after traumatic lower limb fractures. Thus, we defined the Predicting Index as 0.098×D-dimer (mg/L FEU)+(-0.564) ×PIC (μg/ml)+0.233×Caprini score, and found that the area under the ROC curve for the Predicting Index was 0.721. Conclusions:Predicting Index, calculated by D-dimer, PIC and Caprini score, can comprehensively encompass the changes of risk factors between patients with and without DVT after traumatic lower limb fractures, and can well predict the risk of DVT after traumatic lower extremity fractures.