Development of bioprinting technology and its application in bone tissue engineering / 中华骨科杂志

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, bone tissue engineering has made great progress in the treatment of large bone defects, among which bioprinting is one of the most important technologies. 3D bioprinting achieves precise control of the spatial structure of bone tissue engineering scaffold manufacturing by adding different materials in layers, and cells are placed into the scaffolds based on hydrogel materials to solve the uniform distribution of cells in the scaffolds. However, most biomedical materials used for 3D bioprinting are static and cannot be changed with the dynamics of the body's internal environment. 4D bioprinting combines the concept of time with 3D bioprinting and uses stimulus-responsive materials to change their shape under various stimuli to create dynamic 3D biological structures. It offers unprecedented potential for bone tissue engineering. The shape memory properties of printed structures meet the needs of personalized bone defect repair, and functional maturation procedures promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In this paper, we review the commonly used 3D bioprinting methods and the mechanism of functional and morphological transformation in 3D bioprinting developed into 4D bioprinting technology by summarizing the research on bioprinting and tissue engineering at home and abroad in recent years. What's more, we introduce the application of bioprinting in the treatment of bone defects in bone tissue engineering as well as the current challenges and future prospects.