Estimation of the consumption level of four drugs in Beijing using wastewater-based epidemiology / 中华预防医学杂志
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
;
(12): 674-678, 2023.
Artículo
en Chino
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-984763
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To estimate the consumption level of four drugs in Beijing using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE).Methods:
The primary sludge from one large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was collected in Beijing from July 2020 to February 2021. The concentrations of codeine, methadone, ketamine and morphine in the sludge were detected through solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The consumption, prevalence and number of users of four drugs were estimated by using the WBE approach.Results:
Among 416 sludge samples, codeine had the highest detection rate (82.93%, n=345) with a concentration [M (Q1, Q3)] of 0.40 (0.22-0.8) ng·g-1, and morphine had the lowest detection rate (28.37%,n=118) with a concentration [M (Q1, Q3)] of 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) ng·g-1. There was no significant difference in the consumption of the four drugs on working days and weekends (all P values>0.05). Drug consumption was significantly higher in winter than that in summer and autumn (all P values <0.05). The consumption [M (Q1, Q3)] of codeine, methadone, ketamine and morphine in winter was 24.9 (15.58, 38.6), 9.39 (4.57, 26.72), 9.84 (5.18, 19.45) and 5.67 (3.57, 13.77) μg·inhabitant-1·day-1, respectively. For these drugs, there was an upward trend in the average drug consumption during summer, autumn and winter (the Z values of the trend test were 3.23, 3.16, 2.19, and 3.32, respectively and all P values<0.05). The prevalence [M (Q1, Q3)] of codeine, methadone, ketamine and morphine were 0.0056% (0.003 4%, 0.009 2%), 0.0148% (0.009 6%, 0.026 7%),0.0333% (0.0210%, 0.0710%) and 0.0072% (0.003 8%, 0.011 7%), respectively. The estimated number of drug users [M (Q1, Q3)] was 918 (549, 1 511), 2 429 (1 578, 4 383), 5 451 (3 444, 11 642) and 1 173 (626, 1 925),respectively.Conclusion:
Codeine, methadone, ketamine and morphine have been detected in the sludge of WWTPs in Beijing, and the consumption level of these drugs varies in different seasons.
Texto completo:
Disponible
Índice:
WPRIM (Pacífico Occidental)
Asunto principal:
Aguas del Alcantarillado
/
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Codeína
/
Aguas Residuales
/
Beijing
/
Monitoreo Epidemiológico Basado en Aguas Residuales
/
Ketamina
/
Metadona
Límite:
Humanos
País/Región como asunto:
Asia
Idioma:
Chino
Revista:
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Artículo
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