Bases moleculares de la patogénesis de COVID-19 y estudios in silico de posibles tratamientos farmacológicos / Molecular Basis Of COVID-19 Pathogenesis And In Silico Studies Of Potential Pharmacological Treatment

RESUMEN

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, que representa una grave amenaza para la salud mundial. El objetivo del artículo es profundizar en la estructura de las proteínas estructurales y no estructurales del SARS-CoV-2 y su rol durante la infección a sus células diana; asimismo plantear moléculas de estudios in silico que inhiben a las proteínas del ciclo viral para posibles tratamientos farmacológicos. El genoma del SARS-CoV-2 presenta ORFs que codifican dieciséis proteínas no estructurales (Nsp1-16), cuatro estructurales (Spike, Envoltura, Membrana y Nucleocápside), y nueve accesorias; que cumplen diversas funciones en el ingreso del virus y su ciclo viral. Estudios in silico de medicamentos como el disulfiram y el viomycin, y moléculas de la Azadirachta indica, la planta de té y la Andrographis paniculata han mostrado efectos inhibitorios en el ciclo viral del SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus that represents a serious threat to global health. The objective of the article is to deepen into the structure of the structural and non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their role during the infection of its target cells; also to propose molecules from in silico studies that inhibit proteins of the viral cycle for potential pharmacological treatments. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has ORFs that encode sixteen non-structural proteins (Nsp1-16), four structural proteins (Spike, Envelope, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid), and nine accessory proteins; that fulfill various functions in the entry of the virus and its viral cycle. In silico studies of drugs such as disulfiram and viomycin, and molecules found in plants as Azadirachta indica, the tea plant, and Andrographis paniculata have shown inhibitory effects on the SARS-CoV-2 viral cycle.