Adaptación del Parenting Stress Index-4 Short Form en Madres Mexicanas de Preescolares / Adaptation of the Parenting Stress Index-4 Short Form in Mexican Mothers

RESUMEN

Resumen La escala Parenting Stress Index-4-Short Form (PSI-4-SF) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en la medición del estrés parental en el ámbito de la investigación sobre este tema. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial y confiabilidad de una versión traducida y adaptada a la población mexicana. Los reactivos de la prueba fueron traducidos y adaptados al español, utilizando el procedimiento estándar de traducción y retraducción. Participaron voluntariamente 332 mujeres entre 18 y 51 años de edad (M=34.27 D.E.=7.34) que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; quienes contestaron individualmente la escala en línea. Mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, emergieron dos factores que explicaron el 50.26% de la varianza (KMO=.848) Factor I Distrés parental (33.26% de la varianza explicada, α ordinal= .822) y Factor II Malestar por el cuidado de los hijos (17% de la varianza explicada, α ordinal= .869). En esta adaptación sólo se conservaron 20 de los 36 reactivos que constituyen la escala original. Con lo obtenido se plantea la posibilidad de una medición eficaz del estrés parental en madres de preescolares en población mexicana, lo que permite continuar con esta línea de investigación.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Some studies have pointed out that parental stress has a greater capacity to affect the upbringing and development of children, than the presence of stress in any other area of life. The most recognized theory on parental stress is the one developed by Abidin, which describes three components "parents"; "child"; and the "parent-child relationship". The Parenting Stress Index-4-Short Form (PSI-4-SF) is one of the most widely used measures in the field of parental stress research. Despite its widespread use, no consensus has been reached on the items that make up each of the three dimensions. There is a lack of a valid and reliable version of this scale that can be use in Mexican population. The purpose of the present study was to Culturally translate and adapt the PSI4-SF into Spanish, and to test the construct validity (factor structure) and reliability of the adapted version to the Mexican population. The test items were translated and adapted to Spanish, using a standard forward- and back-translation procedure. Voluntary participants were 332 women between 18 and 51 years of age (M=34.27 SD=7.34) who met the inclusion criteria, they answered the scale online. Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed. By Exploratory Factor Analysis two factors emerged that explained 50.26% of the variance (KMO=.848) Factor I (33.26% of the variance explained, α ordinal= .822) and Factor II (17% of the variance explained, α ordinal= .869), retaining only 20 of the 36 items that constitute the original scale. An equivalent Spanish version of the PSI-4-SF was obtained with good evidence of reliability and validity. These results suggest the possibility of an effective measurement of parental stress in mothers of preschoolers in the Mexican population.