Quality of sleep in individuals with systemic sclerosis and its correlation with functional disability and quality of life: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sleep in individuals with systemic sclerosis and its correlation with the quality of life and disability. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in a tertiary service of a university hospital. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of systemic sclerosis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 or the preliminary criteria of the American College of Rheumatology 1980, age ≥ 18 years; regularly monitored at the outpatient clinic of rheumatology. Clinical and demographic data of the patients were obtained through a structured interview and evaluation of the medical records. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, quality of life using 12-item short-form health survey, and disability using the scleroderma health assessment questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with systemic sclerosis were included, with 92% female, mean age 48.9 years, mean disease duration 8.9 years, and 60% limited cutaneous form. Most systemic sclerosis patients (84%) have poor sleep quality and 20% have excessive daytime sleepiness. There was a significant negative correlation between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the physical and mental components of the 12-item short-form health survey (r=-0.42, p=0.003 and r=-0.43, p=0.002, respectively) and a positive correlation with the scleroderma health assessment questionnaire (r=0.52, p=<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that poor sleep quality is a very common finding among systemic sclerosis patients, and it negatively affects both the quality of life and the degree of disability.