Educación sexual integral: cobertura, homogeneidad, integralidad y continuidad en escuelas de México / Comprehensive sexual education in Mexico: an analysis of coverage, comprehensiveness and continuity of contents in Mexican public and private schools

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la cobertura de la educación sexual integral (ESI) en México y describir su integralidad, homogeneidad y continuidad en cuanto a contenidos sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, autoeficacia, derechos y relaciones. Material y métodos: En una encuesta probabilística transversal con muestreo estratificado y por conglomerados, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre ESI a una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de 3 824 adolescentes de 45 escuelas de educación media superior públicas y privadas, en localidades urbanas y rurales. Resultados: El porcentaje de adolescentes que reportan recibir educación sexual integral varía dependiendo de los temas y nivel escolar. Los temas más frecuentes están relacionados con salud sexual y reproductiva; los menos tratados con derechos y relaciones. Los contenidos de educación sexual se trasmiten mayoritariamente durante la escuela secundaria. Conclusiones: Se requiere garantizar la integralidad, homogeneidad y continuidad de los contenidos de la ESI, asegurando que se imparta la totalidad de los temas planteados en recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To analyze coverage of comprehensive sex education (CSE) in high schools in Mexico and describe whether it is comprehensive, homogeneous and has continuity based on student reports of exposure to topics in three dimensions reproductive and sexual health, self-efficacy and rights and relations. Materials and methods: Within a probabilistic, cross-sectional survey with stratified, cluster sampling, a nationally representative sample of 3 824 adolescents attending 45 public and private high-schools in urban and rural areas completed questionnaires on CSE. Results: The proportion of adolescents reporting having received sex education from school personnel varies depending on topics and grade level. Topics most frequently covered are those related to sexual and reproductive health while rights and relations are least frequently dealt with. Most sex education topics are covered during junior high school and much less frequently in elementary or high school. Conclusions: CSE needs to be comprehensive and homogenous in terms of content, ensure inclusion of priority topics, meet national and international recommendations, ensure continuity and adapt contents to student age through all education levels.