Desarrollo de un instrumento culturalmente pertinente para medir creencias en psicoterapia / Development of a culturally relevant instrument to measure beliefs in psychotherapy

RESUMEN

El estudio de cómo los factores culturales se relacionan con la adherencia a psicoterapia es altamente relevante y sin embargo, en Chile no existen instrumentos que tomen en consideración tales factores. El objetivo de este estudio es ilustrar la construcción de un instrumento para medir variables culturales que se asocian a la adherencia a psicoterapia. Se utilizó una metodología mixta de tres etapas. Primero, se realizaron 32 entrevistas semiestructuradas con el objetivo de identificar creencias socialmente compartidas respecto de la psicoterapia. Luego, se desarrolló la Escala de Creencias en Psicoterapia (ECPSI) y se piloteó en una muestra de 109 personas. Finalmente, se exploró la estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas de la nueva escala en 201 usuarias de centros de salud primaria de la Región de La Araucanía. Los resultados indican que la ECPSI es un instrumento adecuado psicométricamente y culturalmente pertinente a la sociedad Chilena.

ABSTRACT

The study of how cultural factors are related to adherence to psychotherapy is highly relevant, however in Chile there are no available measures that addresses these factors. In order to develop an instrument culturally relevant for measuring cultural factors associated with adherence to psychotherapy, a three-stage mixed methodology was used. First, 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted aiming to identifying socially shared beliefs about psychotherapy. Second, the Psychotherapy Beliefs Scale was developed and piloted with a sample of109 participants. Finally, the factorial structure, and the scale reliability were tested with a sample of 201 women recruited from several primary care health centers. The results obtained suggest that this scale is psychometrically sound and culturally relevant for measuring cultural beliefs associated with adherence to psychotherapy.