[Effects of losartan on renal function and deterioration after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat]

ABSTRACT

It is widely recognized that losartan, as an angiotensin receptor [AT1] antagonist, has organ protective nature and effective activity organ damage progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of losartan on renal function amelioration after unilateral ureteral obstruction of rat. In this experimantal study, 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO] of left kidney and randomly divided into five groups [ten rats in each group] as follows [1] control group; [2] UUO; [3] UUO/LOS; [4] Sham-operated; [5] Sham/LOS. Control animals received orally drug solvent by gavage for 15 days. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed on groups 2 and 3 and sham, the operation was performed in groups 4 and 5. The group 2, received solvent drug and group 3 received losartan [60 mg/kg] for 15 days. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 after UUO for evaluation of serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 for histopathological evaluation of left kidney with H and E technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics. Serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels significantly increased in UUO group at days 7 and 14 after operation compared with control group [p<0.05]. But serum levels of creatinine, urea and cholesterol significantly decreased [p<0.05]. Unlike losaratan treated animals, histopathologic evaluation showed more renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular epithelial necrosis, hemorrhage, interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, tubular atrophy, glumerular tufts expanding, periglomerular sclerosis, subcapsular fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and peritubular capillaries edema in UUO groups. There were no significant differences between control and sham groups. This study showed the ureteral obstructions lead severe renal tissue deterioration and dysfunction, but losartan may reverse renal tissue damage