Effect of preoperative anemia on short term clinical outcomes in diabetic patients after elective off-pump CABG surgery

ABSTRACT

Diabetic mellitus [DM] is a major risk factor of morbidity, mortality and economic cost to society. Diabetic patients are at risk of having microvascular or macrovascular disorders of diabetes. Postoperative anemia have wide spectrum of some early complications that require more care in hospitalization stays. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate effect of preoperative anemia on short-term clinical outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG. This study conducted on 86 diabetic patients underwent elective off-pump CABG surgery from August to October 2011, in Afshar Cardiovascular Center, Yazd, Iran. The patients had hemoglobin concentration between 10-12 mg/dl, patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation and renal and respiratory dysfunction were excluded from this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups; the normal group [n=42] that had hemoglobin concentration tilde 12-15 g/dl and the anemic group [n=44] had hemoglobin concentration tilde7-10 g/dl. We evaluated post-CABG variables including incidence of atrial fibrillation and early morbidity such as infection, vomiting, renal and respiratory dysfunctions, ICU or hospital stay and early mortality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test for quantitative and qualitative variables. The mean age of the patients was 52.51 +/- 6.9 years, from all of patients 64 cases [74.4%] were male and 22 cases [445.6%] were female. Postoperative a trial fibrillation was observed in 17 cases [19.8%], 7 cases [16.7%] of whom were in normal group and 10 cases [22.7%] of whom were in anemia group. Anemia could significantly increase hospital stay [P=0.0001] but no ICU stay. Preoperative anemia did not affect the incidence of atrial fibrillation and early complications and mortality in patients undergoing off pump CABG. However, anemia could increase postoperative hospital stay and renal dysfunction significantly.