Effects of benzalkonium chloride on the microanatomy of corneal stroma

ABSTRACT

Benzalkonium chloride [BAC] is a commonly used preservative in topical ophthalmic preparations. It is a cytotoxic compound. The mechanism of action involves dissociation of bilaminar plasma membrane and its tendency to dissolve cholesterol, phospholipids and the proteins in the cell membrane. The indiscriminate use of eye drops containing BAC, quackery and self-medication may increase the incidence of corneal disorders particularly in those having a pre-existing corneal pathology