[ role of proinflammatory cytokines in mediation of brain antiedema effect of female sex steroids following traumatic brain injury]

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims: Release of proinflammatory cytokines after traumatic brain injury [TBI] is a major cause of brain edema. Previous studies demonstrated that sex steroids decrease brain edema induced by TBI. In this study changes of brain cytokines after the administration of estrogen and progesterone 24 hours after TBI were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Female rats were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were considered as control and sham respectively and other 5 groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy and considered as vehicle, physiologic does of estrogen [E1], pharmacologic dose of estrogen [E2], physiologic dose of progesterone [P1] and pharmacologic dose of progesterone [P2]. Vehicle and sexual steroid hormones were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes after TBI. Moderate TBI was induced by Marmarou method. Neurologic scores [VCS] were evaluated immediately, 1 h, 4 h and 24 h after TBI. Brain level of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, TGFestrogen and progesterone were measured 24 hours after TBI by ELISA method: