Physical methods in gene delivery

ABSTRACT

The types of gene delivery systems are not restricted to viral vectors but can also be the simple administration of the gene itself. The use of viral vectors for gene delivery has some risks regarding the safety of the patient whereas non-viral vectors are considered to be more safe but so far are less effective in vivo. Non-viral gene delivery system includes both physical and chemical approaches that are gaining popularity for a variety of gene-mediated therapies in humans. From the beginning of naked DNA induction directly into the cells, a number of other physical techniques have also been introduced. So far these methods have employed pressure, large volumes, electricity, ultrasound, laser, mangatic force, etc. for the transfer and expression of gene to the target site and some of them are found to be quite efficient. This review highlights the major physical methods used for the delivery of genes in living organisms