Role of serodiagnosis in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by different species of Leishmania parasite, is endemic in various regions of Pakistan. It is probably the second most prevalent vector-borne disease in the country [after malaria]. Diagnosis is mostly made by its clinical presentation, especially in the endemic areas. Sometimes it is aided by slit skin smear examination, histopathological study and parasite culture. Considering the fact that serology has made significant advances in diagnosing various parasitological diseases, this study was carried out to evaluate the role of serological techniques in diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Three serological tests i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescent antibody test, indirect hemagglutination test were done in 57 clinically diagnosed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Positive results were seen in 62.4%, 52% and 52% with ELISA, IFAT. and IHA tests respectively. Serological tests can be used as a supporting and screening investigation hut not to make the final diagnosis