Urinary tract infection in children: review of diagnosis, management and prevention

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection [UTI] is the second most common infection in children. It causes morbidity that can lead to long term medical problems including hypertension and reduced renal function through the process of renal scarring. Accurate diagnosis is of extreme importance in order to permit identification. Treatment and evaluation of those children who are at risk of kidney damage. In addition, avoidance of unnecessary or costly investigations should be a priority for the treating physician. The diagnostic work up should be tailored to uncover functional and structural abnormalities such as dysfunctional voiding, vesicoureteric reflux and obstructive uropathy. Antibiotic prophylaxis for long periods is used in patients with reflux or recurrent UTI who are at risk of subsequent complications