Teenage cigarette smokers with schistosoma mansoni: Effect of multifacet management on hepatic and bronchio-alveolar disposition

ABSTRACT

Schitosomiasis and cigarette smoking are among the common health hazards in young Egyptians worthy of concern. The present study aims to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking and management strategy on serum and branchioalveolar lavage [BAL] parameters in teenage male cases with and without S.mansoni. Certain indices of immuno-inflammatory response, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, vasoactive mechanisms and anti-oxidant defense capacity would be evaluated. The study included forty selected cigarette smoker male cases [mean age 15.9 +/- 2.6 years] who were sub-classified equally into two groups involving cases with S.mansoni [G I] and without S.mansoni [G II]. Ten age-matched non Schistosomal individuals non-smokers were included as a control [G Ill]. Biochemical assessment of serum and BAL included the evaluation of cotinine, total thiols, ceruloplasmin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation product, interleukin-5, eotaxin, RANTES, surfactant proteins A and D, procollagen Ill, trace elements and hepatocyte growth factor. Management strategy was evaluated after six months of quitting smoking and treatment with praziquantel, Nigella sativa, Garlic extract and antioxidants. The result showed that alterations in assessed parameters were greatly influenced by cigarette smoking more profoundly in cases with S mansoni. The management strategy identified the alleviation of reactive oxygen species [ROS] determinants on immuno-inflammatory response with beneficial outcome in assessed parameters. In conclusion, the proposed strategy for management of smoking in teenagers especially those with liver disposition was effective and identified the greater benefits of early intervention alongside smoking cessation