Origin of the telencephalic spindles of the toad Bufo paracnemis

ABSTRACT

Spindles (8-11 Hz and up to 100 uV in amplitude) recorded on the surface of the surface of the telencephalic hemispheres and olfaactory bulbs of the conscious toad disappear after transection between these two structures, indicating that their presence depends onm the integrity of their interconnections. Spindles continue to be present, although in reduced numbers, after transection between the hemispheres and the diencephalon, indicating that caudal regions are not essential for generating spindles but modulate the neurons responsible for spindle genesis. In contrast, the olfactoryy nerves, in addition to their known phasis activity on the spindles, exert a tonic action since after their section there is a change in the duration and amplitude of component waves