A rare case of fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease and rupture of the spleen vein and artery after Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) infusion

ABSTRACT

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) targets leukemia cells expressing the CD 33 receptor by means of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic agent, calicheamicin. It was approved for use in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and reversible hepatotoxicity is common after administration. The first case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease was reported after Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin infusion in a patient who had been submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months earlier. Three phase 2 studies with 188 patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse that used Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin were analysed and the incidence of fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in these studies was < 1 percent, and prior hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the most significant risk factor. The aim of this paper is to report a rare fatal case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease with rupture of the spleen vein and artery in a 68-year-old patient that had received Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case report of hepatic veno-occlusive disease with rupture of the spleen vein and artery related to Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin.

RESUMO

Gentuzumab Ozogamicina (GO) (Mylotarg®) tem como alvocélulas leucêmicas que expressam CD33 através de um anticorpomonoclonal conjugado a um agente citotóxico, a caliqueamicina.Esta droga foi aprovada para uso em pacientes idosos comleucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) recaída ou refratária ehepatotoxicidade é comum após sua administração. Tack e colaboradoresapresentaram o primeiro caso de doença hepáticaveno-oclusiva (DHVO) após infusão de GO em um paciente quetinha realizado transplante de medula( TMO) há 8 meses. Trêsestudos de fase II com 188 pacientes com LMA foram analisadose a incidência de HVOD fatal foi inferior a 1%, sendo arealização de TMO o fator de risco mais importante. O objetivodeste artigo é relatar um caso raro de DHVO fatal com rupturade veia e artéria hepática em um paciente de 68 anos que recebeuGO. Acreditamos que este é o primeiro relato de HVODcom ruptura de vasos hepáticos relacionado ao uso de GO.