Comparação entre o xenodiagnóstico clássico e artificial na fase crônica da doença de Chagas / Comparison between classical and artificial xenodiagnosis in chronic Chagas disease

ABSTRACT

Classical and artificial xenodiagnostic techniques made with Dipetalogaster maximus of first stage were performed simultaneously in 57 patients with chronic T. cruzi infection (22 male and 35 female patients, aged 7-80 years). With the exception of two patients with megaoesophagus, all had two previous positive serological reaction and a further test was done at the time of the examination. The patients came from the outpatient department of the university hospital or were resident in Mambaí, Goiás. Of the 57 patients, 24 (42%) had a positive xenodiagnoses. Of a total of 114 tests performed, 36(32%) were positive. Comparing the two xenodiagnostic techniques, no significant advantage was apparent statistically (p = 0.42), but the artificial technique has advantages because the blood is offered for triatomines through a device while in the classical technique, the triatomines suck through the patient's skin.

RESUMO

O xenodiagnóstico (xeno) clássico e artificial feitos com Dipatalogaster maximus de primeiro estágio foi realizado simultaneamente em 57 pacientes com infecção chagásica crônica (22 do sexo masculino e 35 do sexo feminino, com idades entre 7 e 80 anos). Exceto dois pacientes com clínica de megaesôfago, os demais tinham dois exames sorológicos prévios positivos sendo feita nova sorológia no decorrer do estudo. Os pacientes eram provenientes do ambulatório do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB) ou eram residentes no município de Mambaí, GO. Dos 57 pacientes, 24 (42%) apresentaram xenodiagnósticos positivos. Dos 114 xenodiagnósticos realizados, 36 (32%) foram positivos. A comparação das duas técnicas não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,42), porém o xeno artificial apresenta vantagem porque o sangue é oferecido aos triatomíneos através de um aparelho enquanto, no xeno clássico, os triatomíneos sugam através da pele do paciente