Steatosis as a predictive factor for treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis has been described in 31-72% of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver biopsies. Steatosis has been related to disease progression and suggested as a predictor of treatment response in chronic HCV. This study aims to evaluate the presence and degree of steatosis in liver histology of patients with chronic HCV prior to combination therapy with interferon (INF) and ribavirin (RBV), and how it influences treatment response. METHODS: The medical charts of patients with chronic HCV who received treatment at the San Juan Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed. Selected patients completed therapy, had a pre-treatment liver biopsy, genotype determination, and pre and post treatment HCV-RNA levels. Patient's age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were determined. Pre-treatment liver biopsy slides were reviewed and graded for steatosis by a hepatopathologist blinded to the treatment outcome. Steatosis was graded by the presence of fat in total biopsy area as mild (<33%), moderate (33-66%), severe (>66%) or absent. Treatment response was defined as virological clearance measured by HCV RNA at the end of treatment and 24 weeks after completion of treatment. The presence of steatosis was compared to BMI, HCV genotype and treatment response. RESULTS: 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients were male of Hispanic origin. Mean age 52.7 years (range 40-68). Mean BMI 27.5 kg/m2 (range 21.1-35.9). HCV genotype 1 was present in 67% of patients. 82.6% (38/46) of the patients had hepatic steatosis 29 (63%) mild, 7 (15%) moderate and 2(4%) severe. 16.6% (8/46) of the biopsies did not show steatosis. Overall, the response rate for those with steatosis was 31.6% (12/38) 10/29 (34.5%) mild, 1/7 (14.3%) moderate and 1/2 (50%) of severe. 75% (6/8) of those without steatosis responded to treatment. This difference (31.6% vs. 75%) was statistically significant (p=.042). The mean BMI of both groups was similar (27.7)...