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Changes in population and land use over time in the Ecuadorian Amazon / Mudanças populacionais e de uso da terra na Amazônia Ecuatoriana
Bilsborrow, Richard E; Barbieri, Alisson F; Pan, William.
  • Bilsborrow, Richard E; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Department of Biostatistics. US
  • Barbieri, Alisson F; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Department of City and Regional Planning. US
  • Pan, William; Johns Hopkins University. US
Acta amaz ; 34(4): 635-647, out.-dez. 2004. mapas, tab, ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-512632
ABSTRACT
This paper draws upon a detailed longitudinal survey of households living on agricultural plots in the northern three provinces of the Ecuadorian Amazon, the principal region of colonization by migrants in Ecuador since the 1970s. Following the discovery of petroleum in 1967 near what has subsequently come to be the provincial capital and largest Amazonian city of Lago Agrio, oil companies built roads to lay pipelines to extract and pump oil across the Andes for export. As a result, for the past 30 years over half of both Ecuador's export earnings and government revenues have come from petroleum extracted from this region. But the roads also facilitated massive spontaneous in-migration of families from origin areas in the Ecuadorian Sierra, characterized by minifundia and rural poverty. This paper is about those migrants and their effects on the Amazonian landscape. We discuss the data collection methodology and summarize key results on settler characteristics and changes in population, land use, land ownership, technology, labor allocation, and living conditions, as well as the relationships between changes in population and changes in land use over time. The population in the study region has been growing rapidly due to both natural population growth (high fertility) and in-migration. This has led to a dramatic process of subdivision and fragmentation of plots in the 1990's, which contrasts with the consolidation of plots that has occurred in most of the mature frontier areas of the Brazilian Amazon. This fragmentation has led to important changes in land tenure and land use, deforestation, cattle raising, labor allocation, and settler welfare.
RESUMO
Este artigo baseia-se em uma pesquisa longitudinal sobre assentamentos agrícolas em três províncias no norte da Amazônia equatoriana, a principal região de colonização agrícola no país desde 1970. A partir da descoberta de reservas de petróleo em áreas próximas a Lago Agrio, capital provincial e maior cidade da Amazônia Equatoriana, empresas petrolíferas iniciaram a abertura de estradas e construção de oleodutos visando a extração, transporte através dos Andes e exportação de petróleo. A exploração petrolífera na Amazônia Equatoriana tem respondido, nos últimos trinta anos, por cerca da metade dos rendimentos com exportação e na arrecadação governamental. As estradas abertas na Amazônia facilitaram a imigração maciça e espontânea de famílias dos Andes equatorianos, uma região tradicionalmente caracterizada pela presença de minifúndios e pobreza rural. Este artigo discute a metodologia de coleta de dados e sumariza os principais resultados de pesquisas sobre esses imigrantes na Amazônia Equatoriana, especificamente em termos de mudanças nas características populacionais, uso e propriedade da terra, tecnologia, trabalho e padrão de vida, assim como relações entre características populacionais e uso da terra ao longo dos anos 90. O elevado crescimento populacional devido ao crescimento natural (alta fecundidade) e contínua imigração tem engendrado a subdivisão e fragmentação de lotes rurais desde 1990, em contraste ao processo de concentração de terra em diversas partes da Amazônia brasileira.
Sujets)


Texte intégral: Disponible Indice: LILAS (Amériques) Sujet Principal: Population / Écosystème Amazonien / Migration animale / Agriculture langue: Anglais Texte intégral: Acta amaz Thème du journal: Science Année: 2004 Type: Article Pays d'affiliation: États-Unis d'Amérique Institution/Pays d'affiliation: Johns Hopkins University/US / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/US

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Texte intégral: Disponible Indice: LILAS (Amériques) Sujet Principal: Population / Écosystème Amazonien / Migration animale / Agriculture langue: Anglais Texte intégral: Acta amaz Thème du journal: Science Année: 2004 Type: Article Pays d'affiliation: États-Unis d'Amérique Institution/Pays d'affiliation: Johns Hopkins University/US / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/US