Factores asociados al síndrome metabólico en pacientes que asistieron a la feria de la salud en el Hospital México, febrero del 2007, Costa Rica / Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a health fair Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica, February, 2007

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados al síndrome metabólico, tomando como base la población de personas entrevistadas durante la feria de la salud efectuada en el Hospital México, febrero del 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico. Se entrevistó a 285 personas durante la feria de la salud del Hospital México del 19 a 22 de febrero del 2007. Se efectuó un análisis univariado y multivariado de las principales variables registradas para determinar factores asociados al síndrome metabólico. Resultados: La provincia de San José presentó el mayor porcentaje de entrevistados con un 40.7 por ciento, 116/285, seguido por Heredia con un 26.0 por ciento, 76/285, y Alajuela con un 24.9 por ciento, 71/285, mientras que la provincia de Limón aportó solamente un 0.4 por ciento, 1/285. La mayoría de los entrevistados son costarricenses con un 94.0 por ciento, 268/285, además, las mujeres predominaron con un 72.6 por ciento, 207/285. El análisis univariado y multivariado muestra asociación entre la presión arterial, OR 4.7, IC95 por ciento 3.5-5.8, p<0.01, la glicemia, OR 3.4, IC95 por ciento 2.1-4.5, p< 0.01, y el índice de masa corporal, OR 3.3, IC95 por ciento 2.0-4.0, p<0.01, respecto al síndrome metabólico. Conclusión: La presión arterial, la glicemia y el índice de masa corporal deben ser tomados en cuenta como parte de los factores asociados al síndrome metabólico.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to determine the prevalence of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a population interviewed during a health fair carried out at the Hospital México during February, 2007.Materials and Methods: this was a cross-sectional, analytical study; 285 people were interviewed during the health fair which took place at Hospital México from February the 19th through the 22nd, 2007. A univariate as well as a multivariate statistical analysis were carried out on the main variables identified as risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Results: the provinces with the highest percentages of subjects were San José with 40,7% (116 out of 285), followed by Heredia with 26,0% (76 out of 285) and Alajuela with 24,9% (71 out of 285) while Limón province had only 0,4% of the subjects (one out of 285.) The large majority of the subjects were Costa Rican 94,0 % (268 out of 285); in addition, women constituted a majority with 72,6% of the sample (207 out of 285.) A univariate as well as multivariate statistical analysis showed an association between blood pressure (odds ratio 4,7 with a 95% confidence interval between 3,5 and 5,8 and a p value less than 0,01), blood glucose (odds ratio 3,4 with a 95% confidence interval between 2,1 and 4,5 and a p value also less than 0,01) and, finally, body mass index (odds ratio 3,3 with a 95% confidence interval between 2,0 and 4,0 and a p value less than 0,01) and the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: blood pressure, blood glucose and body-mass index must be considered as risk factors for the metabolic syndrome.