O fenômeno da reinternação: um desafio à reforma psiquiátrica / The phenomenon of "revolving door": a challenge to the psychiatric reform

RESUMO

O fenômeno da reinternação em hospital psiquiátrico, conhecido na literatura como "revolving door", é de altíssima incidência na maioria das instituições, indicando a relevância de conhecer suas causas e pensar estratégias que o evitem. Objetivou-se avaliar as reinternações no Hospital Dr. João Machado (HJM), em Natal, RN, bem como identificar os efeitos da proposta de alta assistida desse hospital. Realizaram-se leituras dos prontuários de usuários que passaram pela alta assistida do HJM e entrevistas abertas com profissionais, além de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da reinternação psiquiátrica, a fim de elucidar o que a literatura tem encontrado. Constatou-se que o projeto enfrenta alguns entraves e que a estratégia de dar assistência após a alta hospitalar, garantindo uma atenção continuada e inserida no meio social e familiar, é fundamental na tentativa de evitar a reinternação.

ABSTRACT

The phenomenon of rehospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, known in the literature as "revolving door", has a high incidence in the majority of the institutions. Knowing the causes of that phenomenon and thinking about strategies to enable its rupture are pertinent worries. On this path, the present research was developed, seeking to evaluate the "revolving door" on a psychiatric hospital - the Dr. João Machado Hospital (HJM), in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil - and the effects of the proposal of a assisted discharge in this hospital. The handbook of the patients who were submitted to the assisted discharge was read and interviews with professionals were carried out. In addition, it was made a literature review about the psychiatric rehospitalization to elucidate what the literature has found. In the end, it was possible to detect problems that evolve this follow-up and it was verified that the strategy of assisting the patient on the after-discharge, giving him/her appropriate and continuing attention in the social and familiar environment is fundamental to avoid the "revolving door".