Factores asociados a letalidad de intentos de suicidio en sujetos con trastorno depresivo mayor / Factors associated with suicide attempts lethality in subjects with mayor depressive disorder

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Identificar en una muestra de población antioqueña con trastorno depresivo mayor y antecedente de conducta suicida las características que se asocian a intentos de suicidio de alta letalidad. Método: Se evaluaron 140 sujetos con diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor y antecedente de, al menos, un intento de suicidio, por medio de una entrevista diagnóstica semiestructurada. De acuerdo con las características del intento de suicidio más serio, los sujetos se dividieron en grupos de menor letalidad (letalidad leve y moderada) y mayor letalidad (letalidad alta y extrema), los cuales se compararon en variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: Los sujetos con intentos de suicidio de letalidad alta y extrema con mayor frecuencia vivían solos, tenían antecedente de más de un intento de suicidio y presentaban dependencia a nicotina y a sustancias psicoactivas diferentes al alcohol. En el análisis multivariado se estableció que vivir solo y la dependencia a sustancias psicoactivas se asociaron de manera independiente con los intentos de suicidios de letalidad alta y extrema. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos del presente estudio se corresponden con las características clínicas descritas en estudios previos en asociación con intentos de suicidio de alta letalidad. Los presentes resultados se proponen como factores para tener en cuenta en la valoración del riesgo suicida en sujetos con trastorno depresivo mayor...

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify the characteristics associated with high-lethality suicide attempts in a population sample IN Antioquia with major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior history. Method: A semi-structured diagnostic interview was used to assess 140 subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder and who had made at least one suicide attempt. According to the characteristics of the most serious suicide attempt, the subjects were classified into two groups—low-lethality suicide attempters (low and moderate lethality) and high-lethality suicide attempters (high and very high lethality)—which were compared for clinical and demographic variables. Results: It was found that high- and very high-lethality suicide attempters lived alone more often, had made more than one suicide attempt, and exhibited greater dependence on nicotine and psychoactive substances, other than alcohol, than low-lethality attempters. The multivariate analysis established that living alone and being dependent on psychoactive substances were independently associated with very high- and high-lethality attempts. Conclusion: These findings confirm the clinical characteristics associated with high-lethality suicide attempts described in previous studies. The present results are proposed as factors to be taken into account for the assessment of suicidal risk in patients with major depressive disorder...