Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment of intravenous β-lactam regimens against Gram-negative bacteria isolated in a Brazilian teaching hospital
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop
;
48(5): 539-545, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article
Dans Anglais
| LILACS
| ID: lil-763339
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:
Monte Carlo simulations have been used for selecting optimal antibiotic regimens for treatment of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic target attainment of intravenous β-lactam regimens commonly used to treat bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Gram-negative rod-shaped organisms in a Brazilian teaching hospital.METHODS:
In total, 5,000 patients were included in the Monte Carlo simulations of distinct antimicrobial regimens to estimate the likelihood of achieving free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; fT > MIC) for the requisite periods to clear distinct target organisms. Microbiological data were obtained from blood culture isolates harvested in our hospital from 2008 to 2010.RESULTS:
In total, 614 bacterial isolates, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacterspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were analyzed Piperacillin/tazobactam failed to achieve a cumulative fraction of response (CFR) > 90% for any of the isolates. While standard dosing (short infusion) of β-lactams achieved target attainment for BSIs caused by E. coliand Enterobacterspp., pharmacodynamic target attainment against K. pneumoniaeisolates was only achieved with ceftazidime and meropenem (prolonged infusion). Lastly, only prolonged infusion of high-dose meropenem approached an ideal CFR against P. aeruginosa; however, no antimicrobial regimen achieved an ideal CFR against A. baumannii.CONCLUSIONS:
These data reinforce the use of prolonged infusions of high-dose β-lactam antimicrobials as a reasonable strategy for the treatment of BSIs caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Brazil.
Texte intégral:
Disponible
Indice:
LILAS (Amériques)
Sujet Principal:
Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif
/
Multirésistance bactérienne aux médicaments
/
Bêta-Lactames
/
Bactéries à Gram négatif
/
Antibactériens
Type d'étude:
Évaluation en économique de la santé
Limites du sujet:
Humains
Pays comme sujet:
Amérique du Sud
/
Brésil
langue:
Anglais
Texte intégral:
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop
Thème du journal:
Médecine tropicale
Année:
2015
Type:
Article
Pays d'affiliation:
Brésil
Institution/Pays d'affiliation:
Universidade Federal de São Paulo/BR
Documents relatifs à ce sujet
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS