Assessment of a modified Mini-Mental Scale for cognitive functions in children.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to standardize a clinical test to assess cognitive functions in children between 3-14 years and to evaluate its use in patients with encephalopathy. We included 50 children in Group A with non-neurological illness. Another 50 children were included in Group B with encephalopathy due to varied etiologies. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) used in adults was modified, using tests from standardized assessment tools previously used in Indian children. It was administered independently by two observers at admission and after a few days in the two Groups. In Group A, the mean and SD of the score in various age groups were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of the test in predicting poor outcome with a cut-off score of 10 was calculated at admission and after a mean of 4 days. The average time taken for the test was 6.03 minutes. No significant interobserver variability was found. Cut off abnormal scores calculated as 2 SD below mean in different age groups were 3 to 5 years 24, 6 to 8 years 28, 9 to 11 years 30, 12 to 14 years 35. In children with encephalopathy a score below 10 predicted poor outcome with a sensitivity of 35 percent and specificity of 100 percent at admission. Retest after 4 days had sensitivity and specificity of 68 percent and 100 percent respectively. We conclude that the modified Child MMSE may be used as a screening test to assess and monitor cognitive functions in children.