Study of fetal 2D echo in pregnant women with diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy is an important public health issue. Present study was done to study incidence of abnormal foetal 2D echocardiography in women with diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus and to know their obstetric outcome.Methods: It is a prospective, observational study, which includes 80 patients. It was conducted at our tertiary care centre after the approval by ethics committee, and the results were analysed.Results: Out of 80 patients included, 77% women had GDM and rest 23% had DM. In this study, all patients had fetal 2D echocardiography done. 3 patients had report suggestive of congenital heart disease in the fetus. 1 of them was suggestive of TAPVC, 1 was suggestive of enlarged right atrium, 1 report was suggestive of VSD. Two of the abnormal fetal 2D echocardiography diagnosis of TAPVC and VSD was confirmed by neonatal 2D echo. One baby with Normal antenatal 2D echo had ASD on post-natal evaluation. The baby with antenataly enlarged right atrium had no cardiac anomaly on post-natal evaluation.Conclusions: Incidence of DM/GDM is increasing. As baby is likely to have congenital anomalies, out of which cardiac anomalies are most common, fetal echocardiography is a well-established, accurate, and safe method for diagnosing congenital heart disease. All the babies with abnormal fetal echocardiography need post-natal confirmation.