"Conscience Epistemology" Based on "Loving-kindness Theory": The Basic Role of "Strengthening Conscience" in Moral Education / 中国医学伦理学

ABSTRACT

Based on the new ontology of the "loving-kindness theory", it is confirmed that the "conscience" of human beings (with internal natural law guidance and moral force) is "loving-kindness", which is the "needs/intrinsic driving force of life" as the "first cause" of human existence. It provides force for the realization of morality, yardstick of the natural necessity for moral judgment and practice, and value basis for virtue and norms. Therefore, "strengthening conscience", that is, recognizing, activating and strengthening conscience and its function and expression, is the foundation and key link of moral education. Its lack is the reason for the failure of "spiritual midwifery-style" or intellectual moral education. Revealing "conscience epistemology" with universal knowledge is the prerequisite of "strengthening conscience", and the fundamental field of moral education and moral philosophy that urgently needs to be explored. This paper revealed the "conscience epistemology" with universal knowledge, including that the precondition for revealing the "strengthening conscience" was to obscure or transcend "survival fear"; revealed the the appearance of conscience in terms of life rational emotions, personality, attitude to life, and behavior mode (i.e. "phase" and "different"); revealed the cognitive life rational pedigree of cognitive conscience (i.e. opening up human existence); revealed the principle of "strengthening conscience". Among them, all kinds of life rationality and life rational emotion are the unity of sensibility and reason, the unity of freedom and morality, and also with universality.