Placement of feeding tubes using fluoroscopy guidance and over-the-wire technique: A technical review

ABSTRACT

Nutritional support is essential for improving the outcome in critically ill patients. Enteral nutrition possesses advantages over total parenteral nutrition in that it maintains the physiologic barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Short-term enteral nutrition can be achieved through transnasal feeding tubes. Traditionally, feeding tubes have been placed at bedside in a blind fashion. However, blind tube placement is unreliable as it may result in improper positioning of the tubes. Numerous complications arising from misplacement have been reported in the literature. A number of modalities may be used in order to improve the accuracy and safety of transnasal feeding tube placement. Fluoroscopy is widely accepted for this purpose. Together with the use of water-soluble contrast media and over-the-wire technique, fluoroscopy-guided placement of nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tubes offers a higher rate of technical success while decreasing procedure time as well as the incidence of procedure-related complications.