Hyponatremia in Patients with Neurologic Disorders
Electrolytes & Blood Pressure
;
: 51-57, 2009.
Article
Dans Anglais
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-223668
ABSTRACT
The kidney and the brain play a major role in maintaining normal homeostasis of the extracellular fluid by neuroendocrine regulation of sodium and water balance. Therefore, disturbances of sodium balance are common in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and clinicians should focus not only on the CNS lesion, but also on the potentially deleterious complications. Hyponatremia is the most common and important electrolyte disorder affecting patients with critical neurologic diseases. In these patients, the maladaptation to hyponatremia by impaired osmoregulation in pathologic lesions of brain may cause more aggressive cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure due to hypoosmolality induced by hyponatremia. Furthermore, hyponatremia accompanied by CNS disorders has shown to increase delayed cerebral ischemia and mortality rates. Two main pathophysiologies of hyponatremia, excluding iatrogenic causes, are inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome. Differential diagnosis between these two entities can be difficult due to considerable overlap in the laboratory findings and clinical situations. SIADH is in a volume expanded status due to inappropriately secreted arginine vasopressin (AVP) and requires water restriction. However, CSW syndrome is characterized by renal sodium wasting mainly due to increased natriuretic peptides resulting in volume depletion and follows appropriate secretion of AVP. Therefore, maintenance of volume status and sodium replacement is the mainstay of treatment in CSW syndrome. In this review, we aimed to describe the regulation of sodium and water balance, and pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia in neurologic patients, especially focusing on SIADH and CSW syndrome.
Texte intégral:
Disponible
Indice:
WPRIM (Pacifique occidental)
Sujet Principal:
Sodium
/
Équilibre hydroélectrolytique
/
Encéphale
/
Oedème cérébral
/
Arginine vasopressine
/
Pression intracrânienne
/
Système nerveux central
/
Encéphalopathie ischémique
/
Liquide extracellulaire
/
Peptides natriurétiques
Type d'étude:
Etude diagnostique
Limites du sujet:
Humains
langue:
Anglais
Texte intégral:
Electrolytes & Blood Pressure
Année:
2009
Type:
Article
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