Stem cells in musculoskeletal system for clinical application

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of human tissue such as bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and fibroblasts. Various surgical techniques have been developed for the repair of the musculoskeletal system, but they can be often limited. Thus, the efforts that can be employed in treatment for MSCs population of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases are underway. Patients who have a musculoskeletal disease with low numbers of functional MSCs will be treated using a focus on cell-based therapy. The ideal clinical application is to engineer material/scaffolds that are capable of delivering therapeutic cells that can regenerate and repair damaged tissue. The ability related to MSCs differentiation using biomaterial systems offers a minimally invasive therapeutic option for diseases of the musculoskelecal system and tissue repair. Understanding the natural mechanisms for this delivery is essential to the success of tissue engineering biomaterials that deliver therapeutic cells.