Relation among Mineral (Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, Zn) Intakes, Blood Pressure, and Blood Lipids in Korean Adults

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and blood lipids for health management of Korean adults over 20 years old. Subjects were recruited from the districts where they lived, which included rural (Yoju, n = 137), coastal (Taean, n = 100), and urban district (Suwon, n = 117). Anthropometrical measurement, blood pressure measurement, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and blood collection and analysis of blood lipids were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 54.7 years, 168.5 cm, 67.3 kg, and 24.5 kg/m2 for men and 53.9 years, 153.8 cm, 59.2 kg, and 25.0 kg/m2 for women, respectively. The mean daily intakes of total food and energy were 1219.1 g and 1740.9 kcal for men and 1071.3 g and 1432.6 kcal for women. The mineral intakes of men and women were 448.5 mg and 400.4 mg for calcium, 955.3 mg and 803.7 mg for phosphorus, 13.3 mg and 11.1 mg for iron, 4302.8 mg and 3393.3 mg for sodium, 2588.0 mg and 2264.9 mg for potassium, and 8.9 mg and 7.3 mg for zinc. The daily intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and vitamin E were 76.1%, 60.1%, 73.1%, 68.6%, and 80.4% of RDAs, respectively. The intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin B2 and E were not meet Korean RDAs. Especially, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B2 were less than 75% of RDAs. Blood pressure of the subjects was 128.3/75.5 mmHg for men and 124.1/73.7 mmHg for women. Serum lipids of men and women were 180.2 mg/dL and 184.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 mg/dL and 137.6 mg/dL for triglyceride, 41.5 mg/dL and 44.7 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol, 106.6 mg/dL and 112.7 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 and 3.3 for atherogenic index. While serum triglyceride and AI of men was significantly higher, HDL-cholesterol was lower than those of women. In the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and serum lipids, we found a significantly negative correlation of intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus, calcium density with systolic blood pressure. There were significantly negative correlation between intake of calcium/phosphorus and serum cholesterol, calcium density and serum cholesterol, sodium intake and serum HDL-cholesterol. Based on these results, we concluded that high intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus and low sodium intake were associated with favorable blood pressure and serum lipid profiles in adult men and women.